Specifically, there are four main problems in China's high-end CNC machine tools. First, the precision numerical control system of high-end machine tools mainly comes from Japan and Germany, while the domestic numerical control system is mainly used in medium and low-end machine tools, and the independent supply of precision numerical control system of domestic high-end machine tools is still lacking; second, the spindle mainly comes from Germany, Switzerland, Britain and other countries, and the domestic enterprises have certain production capacity, but the technology still needs to be improved; fourth, the tools are mainly from Sweden, the United States, Japan and other countries, domestic tool materials are backward, life and stability is not high, the average life expectancy is only 1/3 to 1/2 of the international advanced level.

Semiconductor market demand accounted for the first in the world, but the domestic supply capacity is limited.China's semiconductor industry is developing very rapidly and its influence is growing. According to data from the Statista Global Statistical Database, as of 2012, my country's semiconductor market demand share exceeded half for the first time-accounting for 52.5 percent of the global total semiconductor demand. According to the "2021 Global Semiconductor Market Trends White Paper" published by CCID Consulting on June 1, 2021: "In terms of regional structure, China has been the world's largest semiconductor consumer market for many years. In 2020, China's market share will reach up to 34.4 percent. The market share of the United States, Europe, Japan and other markets is 21.7 percent, 8.5 percent, 8.3 percent and 27.1 percent, respectively."

Some of China's semiconductor industry has international competitiveness, but lacks high-end chip production capacity.The entire manufacturing process of the semiconductor industry can be divided into three parts: distributed design, manufacturing, and packaging. On March 1, 2021, the State Information Office held a press conference on the development of industry and information technology. Tian Yulong, a member of the party group, chief engineer, and press spokesperson of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in response to a reporter's question: "The overall development of China's integrated circuit industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan is very impressive, and the scale of the industry continues to grow. It is estimated that in 2020, China's integrated circuit sales revenue reached 884.8 billion billion yuan, with an average growth rate of 20%, three times the growth rate of the global integrated circuit industry in the same period. Breakthroughs have also been made in technological innovation, and the manufacturing process, packaging technology, and key equipment materials have all been significantly improved."

China's wafer production capacity has developed rapidly, and a relatively complete semiconductor industry chain has been formed, but the industrial structure is unbalanced.China has made great progress in semiconductor production materials-wafer manufacturing. As of December 2020, China's wafer production capacity accounted for 15.3 per cent of global wafer production capacity, surpassing North America (which accounts for 12.6 per cent of global wafer production capacity) to become the fourth largest wafer manufacturing region in the world (Taiwan, China, 21.4 per cent; South Korea, 20.4 per cent; and Japan, 15.8 per cent).

Intelligent manufacturing talent shortage, need to speed up the training of relevant talents.China's intelligent manufacturing is facing a large talent gap, training mechanism can not keep up, the existing manufacturing personnel to adapt to the requirements of intelligent manufacturing transformation is difficult.

First, the overall talent gap is large.The ''Manufacturing Talent Development Planning Guide'' jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology predicts that by 2025, the talent gap in high-end CNC machine tools and robotics-related fields will reach 4.5 million, and the demand for talents It is bound to become greater in the deepening of intelligent manufacturing.

Second, the mobility of personnel is large, and the demographic dividend is shrinking after the Lewis inflection point.Not only is the talent gap large, manufacturing personnel mobility is also very large. According to CICC's research, after crossing the Lewis turning point, the bargaining power of the demand side in the manufacturing labor market declined. For example, some textile enterprises have reported that since 2012, enterprises have faced the situation that grass-roots employees cannot be recruited and junior college students cannot stay in China. In addition, some auto parts enterprises hope to retain skilled workers, but after the outbreak of new coronary pneumonia, some workers in Sichuan and Chongqing may choose not to come back. The relocation of industries in the past few years has also made many workers in the central and western regions choose to work nearby.

Third, the new jobs created by the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing require new technical talents, but traditional employees may not be able to transform and adapt to the needs of new jobs in the short term.Taking the industrial Internet as an example, research by the China Industrial Internet Research Institute shows that industrial Internet-related occupations are constantly emerging. Of the 29 new occupations released by the state in 2019 and 2020, 13 are related to the industrial Internet, such as big data engineering and technical personnel and cloud computing engineering and technical personnel, accounting for 44.8 percent of the new occupations. To be competent for these new positions requires a higher and newer knowledge reserve, and it takes time for engineers and technicians in the original traditional manufacturing field to meet the skill requirements of these new positions.

The security of the industrial Internet needs to be paid great attention to, and the responsibility system should be further refined and clarified.Industrial Internet as the "blood" of intelligent manufacturing, its security is directly related to the security of intelligent manufacturing. Industrial Internet and manufacturing systems are highly integrated, and these integrations make smart manufacturing systems more vulnerable to cyber threats. In July 2019, ten departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the ''Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Industrial Internet Security Work'' (hereinafter referred to as the ''Guiding Opinions''), and put forward two overall goals: First, by the end of 2020, the industry The Internet security guarantee system has been initially established; second, by 2025, the system and mechanism will be sound and perfect, the technical means and capabilities will be significantly improved, and the security industry will form a scale, A relatively complete and reliable industrial Internet security system has been basically established.

At present, the threat of China's industrial Internet is more serious. From January to June 2020, the National Industrial Internet Security Situational Awareness and Risk Early Warning Platform continued to monitor the security of 136 major Internet platforms, more than 100000 industrial enterprises and more than 900 million networked devices, and found 13.563 million malicious network behaviors involving 2039 enterprises. According to data, as of June 2020, although the overall security situation of China's industrial Internet is stable, no major industrial Internet security problems have been found, but the attacks on the basic equipment and systems of the industrial Internet are increasing, the scope and depth of attacks are expanding, and the industrial Internet is facing severe security challenges in the future.

Industrial Internet security issues will inevitably change with the development of intelligent manufacturing upgrades, so the relevant prevention mechanism is the key. The "Guiding Opinions" particularly emphasized that by the end of 2020, "in terms of institutional mechanisms, establish industrial Internet security management systems such as supervision and inspection, information sharing and notification, and emergency response, build a corporate security subject responsibility system, and formulate at least equipment, platforms, and data. 20 urgently needed industrial Internet security standards, and explore the construction of an industrial Internet security evaluation system". It can be seen that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other relevant competent authorities in my country have a full understanding of the complexity of industrial Internet security issues and the importance of multi-sectoral joint prevention and control. The refinement of the responsibility system in all areas and links of the industrial Internet is the primary issue of multi-sectoral cooperation in prevention and control. Therefore, while strengthening the construction of relevant standards, it is also necessary to further refine the responsibilities of the relevant safety system, and it is necessary to implement the prevention work to the specific competent departments.

The domestic substitution of semiconductors, high-end CNC machine tools, and core components of industrial robots requires my country to improve its independent innovation capabilities. It is recommended to further deepen the reform of the scientific research system, strengthen the linkage between scientific research institutions and the industry, and promote the development of key areas by improving the independent innovation capabilities of the national system. Technical bottleneck breakthrough.Semiconductors, high-end CNC machine tools, and core components of industrial robots are closely related in the technology path. For example, these three areas have similar or common technology stacks in sensors, control systems, and various smart chip modules. China's efforts to increase the rate of domestic substitution in these areas cannot be achieved by relying on individual technological breakthroughs. The domestic substitution breakthrough of semiconductors, high-end CNC machine tools, and core components of industrial robots needs to rely on the improvement of national system innovation capabilities, which will be a long-term process. At the national level, these areas mainly rely on the support of relevant ministries and local industrial policies, but lack the unified strategy of the central government. It is suggested that based on the improvement of the country's overall system innovation capability, the specific responsible person should be clarified from the central level, and the independent innovation issues in the fields of semiconductors, high-end CNC machine tools, and core components of industrial robots should be coordinated. Through the overall planning at the central level, in the continuous reform, we will establish a national system independent innovation mechanism suitable for solving the current "stuck neck" problem of semiconductor, high-end CNC machine tools and industrial robot core components, establish institutionalized innovation breakthrough ability, and promote China's intelligent manufacturing to a new level.

To speed up the upgrading and development of intelligent manufacturing, it is necessary to further activate the vitality of private enterprises and improve the relevant market competition and exit mechanism.On the one hand, the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing of Chinese enterprises in the future, while state-owned enterprises become bigger and stronger, the momentum of the development of private manufacturing can not be ignored. Since 2018, my country has a deeper understanding of the impact of administrative policies on private enterprises, especially the impact of policy rigidity on the vitality of private enterprises, which requires long-term vigilance. In addition, China's intelligent manufacturing should also reserve development space for "small and micro private enterprises" to guide and promote the formation or integration of small and micro enterprises into the industrial chain.

On the other hand, most of my country's manufacturing industry is no longer an infant industry, and protection and competition, policy support and market exit mechanisms need to be promoted in parallel. Taking the semiconductor industry as an example, my country's semiconductor chip demand currently occupies the first place in the world. In addition to chip manufacturing, there is a big gap with international development. my country already has a strong global competition in wafer material production, sealing and testing, and electronic product manufacturing. Competitiveness. Combined with the experience of the semiconductor industry in the United States, industrial policy support is needed in the early stage of industry development, but with the continuous maturity of the industry's own development, it is necessary to gradually transition from industrial policy promotion to the combination of industrial policy and trade policy, appropriately introduce competition mechanism, eliminate backward production capacity, and provide better innovation space for competitive enterprises. Therefore, China's semiconductor industry still needs to face the global competition with the United States and other developed countries, and long-term competition and competition will be the norm.